1. INTRODUCTION TO AI

1.1 Definition of AI and AI Effect

1.2 Narrow, General and Super AI

1.3 AI-Based and Conventional Systems

1.4 AI Technologies

1.5 AI Development Frameworks

1.6 Hardware for AI-Based Systems

1.7 AI as a Service (AIaaS)

1.7.1 Contracts for AI as a Service

1.7.2 AIaaS Examples

1.8 Pre-Trained Models

1.8.1 Introduction to Pre-Trained Models

1.8.2 Transfer Learning

1.8.3 Risks of using Pre-Trained Models and Transfer Learning

1.9 Standards, Regulations and AI

2. QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS FOR AI-BASED SYSTEMS

2.1 Flexibility and Adaptability

2.2 Autonomy

2.3 Evolution

2.4 Bias

2.5 Ethics

2.6 Side Effects and Reward Hacking

2.7 Transparency, Interpretability and Explainability

2.8 Safety and AI

3. MACHINE LEARNING (ML) – OVERVIEW

3.1 Forms of ML

3.1.1 Supervised Learning

3.1.2 Unsupervised Learning

3.1.3 Reinforcement Learning

3.2 ML Workflow

3.3 Selecting a Form of ML

3.4 Factors Involved in ML Algorithm Selection

3.5 Overfitting and Underfitting

3.5.1 Overfitting

3.5.2 Underfitting

3.5.3 Hands-On Exercise: Demonstrate Overfitting and Underfitting

4. ML - DATA

4.1 Data Preparation as Part of the ML Workflow

4.1.1 Challenges in Data Preparation

4.1.2 Hands-On Exercise: Data Preparation for ML

4.2 Training, Validation and Test Datasets in the ML Workflow

4.2.1 Hands-On Exercise: Identify Training and Test Data and Create an ML Model

4.3 Dataset Quality Issues

4.4 Data Quality and its Effect on the ML Model

4.5 Data Labelling for Supervised Learning

4.5.1 Approaches to Data Labelling

4.5.2 Mislabeled Data in Datasets

5. ML FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE METRICS

5.1 Confusion Matrix

5.2 Additional ML Functional Performance Metrics for Classification, Regression and

Clustering

5.3 Limitations of ML Functional Performance Metrics

5.4 Selecting ML Functional Performance Metrics

5.4.1 Hands-On Exercise: Evaluate the Created ML Model

5.5 Benchmark Suites for ML

6. ML - NEURAL NETWORKS AND TESTING

6.1 Neural Networks

6.1.1 Hands-On Exercise: Implement a Simple Perceptron

6.2 Coverage Measures for Neural Networks

7. TESTING AI-BASED SYSTEMS OVERVIEW

7.1 Specification of AI-Based Systems

7.2 Test Levels for AI-Based Systems

7.2.1 Input Data Testing

7.2.2 ML Model Testing

7.2.3 Component Testing

7.2.4 Component Integration Testing

7.2.5 System Testing

7.2.6 Acceptance Testing

7.3 Test Data for Testing AI-based Systems

7.4 Testing for Automation Bias in AI-Based Systems

7.5 Documenting an AI Component

7.6 Testing for Concept Drift

7.7 Selecting a Test Approach for an ML System

8. TESTING AI-SPECIFIC QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS

8.1 Challenges Testing Self-Learning Systems

8.2 Testing Autonomous AI-Based Systems

8.3 Testing for Algorithmic, Sample and Inappropriate Bias

8.4 Challenges Testing Probabilistic and Non-Deterministic AI-Based Systems

8.5 Challenges Testing Complex AI-Based Systems

8.6 Testing the Transparency, Interpretability and Explainability of AI-Based Systems

8.6.1 Hands-On Exercise: Model Explainability

8.7 Test Oracles for AI-Based Systems

8.8 Test Objectives and Acceptance Criteria

9. METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR THE TESTING OF AI-BASED SYSTEMS

9.1 Adversarial Attacks and Data Poisoning

9.1.1 Adversarial Attacks

9.1.2 Data Poisoning

9.2 Pairwise Testing

9.2.1 Hands-On Exercise: Pairwise Testing

9.3 Back-to-Back Testing

9.4 A/B Testing

9.5 Metamorphic Testing (MT)

9.5.1 Hands-On Exercise: Metamorphic Testing

9.6 Experience-Based Testing of AI-Based Systems

9.6.1 Hands-On Exercise: Exploratory Testing and Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)

9.7 Selecting Test Techniques for AI-Based Systems

10. TEST ENVIRONMENTS FOR AI-BASED SYSTEMS

10.1 Test Environments for AI-Based Systems

10.2 Virtual Test Environments for Testing AI-Based Systems

11. USING AI FOR TESTING

11.1 AI Technologies for Testing

11.1.1 Hands-On Exercise:The Use of AI in Testing

11.2 Using AI to Analyze Reported Defects

11.3 Using AI for Test Case Generation

11.4 Using AI for the Optimization of Regression Test Suites

11.5 Using AI for Defect Prediction

11.5.1 Hands-On Exercise: Build a Defect Prediction System

11.6 Using AI for Testing User Interfaces

11.6.1 Using AI to Test Through the Graphical User Interface (GUI)

11.6.2 Using AI to Test the GUI